Country Facts - Indonesia

The People

Nationality

Indonesian(s)

Ethnic Composition

Javanese	45%
Sundanese	14%
Madurese	7.5%
Coastal Malays	7.5%
Other	26%

Religious Composition

Muslim	88%
Protestant	5%
Roman Catholic	3%
Hindu, Buddhist, and other	4%

Languages Spoken

Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay), English, Dutch, local dialects, the most widely spoken of which is Javanese

Labor Force

Total: 99 million (1999)
By occupation:

Services	39%
Industry	16%
Agriculture	45%

Geography

Land Mass Total

741,099 sq mi (1,919,440 sq km)

Land

705,192 sq mi (

1,826,440 sq km)

Water

35,907 sq mi (93,000 sq km)

Land Boundaries

Total: 1,758 mi (2,830 km)
Border countries: East Timor 141 mi (228 km), Malaysia 1,107 mi (1,782 km), Papua New Guinea 509 mi (820 km)

Coastline

33,998 mi (54,716 km)

Maritime claim

Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Territorial sea: 12 nm

Climate/Weather

Tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands.

Terrain

Mostly coastal lowlands; larger islands have interior mountains.

Elevation extremes

Lowest: Indian Ocean 0 ft (0 m)
Highest: Puncak Jaya 16,502 ft (5,030 m)

Natural Resources

Petroleum, tin, natural gas, nickel, timber, bauxite, copper, fertile soils, coal, gold, silver

Land use

Arable land	10%
Permanent crops	7%
Other	83%

(1998)

Natural hazards

Occasional floods, severe droughts, tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanoes, forest fires

Environment - current issues

Deforestation; water pollution from industrial wastes, sewage; air pollution in urban areas; smoke and haze from forest fires.

Geography Note

Archipelago of 17,000 islands (6,000 inhabited); straddles equator; strategic location astride or along major sea lanes from Indian Ocean to Pacific Ocean.

Demographics

Population

231,328,092 (July 2002)

Age structure

0-14 years:	30.57%	male 34,932,102	female 33,783,603
15-64 years:	64.96%	male 72,889,994	female 73,124,821
65 years and over:	4.47%	male 4,413,268	female 5,640,422

Growth Rate

1.54% (2002)

Life Expectancy

68.63 years (2002)
female: 71.13 years
male: 66.24 years

GDP Per Capita

Purchasing power parity
US$3,000 (2001)

Infant Mortality

39.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2002)

Sex ratio

At birth:	1.05 male(s)/female
Under 15 years:	1.03 male(s)/female
15-64 years:	1 male(s)/female
65 years and over:	0.78 male(s)/female
Total population:	1 male(s)/female

Net migration rate

-0.21 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002)

Economy & Trade

Indonesia, a vast polyglot nation, faces severe economic development problems, stemming from secessionist movements and the low level of security in the regions, the lack of reliable legal recourse in contract disputes, corruption, weaknesses in the banking system, and strained relations with the IMF. Investor confidence will remain low and few new jobs will be created under these circumstances. In November 2001, Indonesia agreed with the IMF on a series of economic reforms in 2002, thus enabling further IMF disbursements. Keys to future growth remain internal reform, the build-up of the confidence of international donors and investors, and a strong comeback in the global economy. The rupiah had just stabilized at 9000/US$1 when the terrorist attacks on Bali in late 2002 sent shudders through the Indonesian tourist industry. These attacks and reports of a wider terrorist network also gave pause to international investors and multinationals planning future operations in the archipelago. The sharp drop in foreign currency earnings caused by the plunge in tourism will also have an effect on Indonesian companies thirsty for hard currencies.

Unemployment

8% (2001)

Inflation Rate

11.5% (2001)

Industries

Petroleum and natural gas; textiles, apparel, and footwear; mining, cement, chemical fertilizers, plywood; rubber; food; tourism

Exports

US$56.5 billion (f.o.b., 2001)

Imports

US$38.1 billion (f.o.b., 2001)

Total Trade

Purchasing power parity
GDP US$687 billion (2001)

Top Export Partners

Japan 23.4%, US 13.8%, Singapore 10.7%, South Korea 7%, China 4.5%, Malaysia 3.2% (2000)

Top Import Partners

Japan 16.3%, Singapore 11.4%, US 10.2%, South Korea 6.3%, China 6.1%, Australia 5.1% (2000)

Top Exports

Oil and gas, electrical appliances, plywood, textiles, rubber

Top Imports

Machinery and equipment; chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs

Debt - external

US$135 billion (2001)

Economic aid

US$43 billion from IMF program and other official external financing (1997-2000)

Fiscal Year:

Calendar year; note - previously was April 1 to March 31, but starting with 2001, has been changed to calendar year

Business Workweek

	Monday - Friday	Saturday - Sunday
Offices	8a.m. to 5p.m. Muslims are released for prayer on Fridays between 11a.m. and noon.	Saturday 8a.m. to 1p.m.
Retail	Monday to Friday 9a.m. to 6p.m. or 10p.m.	Saturday 9a.m. to 6p.m. or 10p.m. Most close on Sundays except tourist shops, which remain open daily.
Banks	8a.m. to 4p.m.	Saturday 8a.m. to 1p.m.
Government	8a.m. to 4:30p.m. Muslims are released for prayer on Fridays between 11a.m. and noon.	Closed

Note: Office and retail hours in rural areas are more attuned to local custom and seasonal needs. In all areas, allowances must be made for Islamic prayer periods during working hours.......

Holidays

Official Holidays

Holidays	2003	2004	2005
New Year's Day	January 1	January 1	January 1
Chinese New Year¹	February 1	January 22	February 9
Festival of Sacrifice (Eid Al Adha)²	February 12	February 2	January 21
Islamic New Year³	March 5	February 22	February 10
Good Friday	April 18	April 9	March 25
Easter*¹	April 20	April 11	March 27
Hari Raya Nyepi*²	April 1	April 19	April 8
Hari Waisak, Vesak Day (Buddha Purnima)*³	May 1	May 19	May 8
Ascension (Christian)**¹	May 29	May 20	May 6
Birthday of Prophet Mohammad (Mawlid an Nabi)**²	May 14	May 2	April 21
Independence Day	August 17	August 17	August 17
Ascent of the Prophet (Lailat al Miraj, Islamic Observance)**³	September 24	September 12	September 1
Start of Ramadan*	October 27	October 15	October 4
End of Ramadan (Eid Al Fitr)**	November 26	November 14	November 3
Christmas Day***	December 25	December 25	December 25

¹	Celebrations denoting the beginning of the New Year based on the exact astronomical observations of the longitude of the sun and phases of the moon according the the Chinese calendar. Holidays can last up to five days.
²	Culmination of the Haj or Holy Pilgrimage.
³	The lunar Islamic Hijara calendar is made up of 12 months, each month alternating between 29 and 30 days per month, culminating in a total of 354 days per year. The Hijra calendar is based on the cycles of the moon and annually moves 11 days backward through the seasons.
*¹	Easter, a Christian holiday celebrating the resurrection of Jesus Christ, is the first Sunday after the full moon and the vernal equinox (fixed in the Gregorian calendar at March 21), and often observed with Good Friday and Easter Monday. In the West, Easter is predicted using the Gregorian calendar, while Eastern Orthodox Christians use the much older Julian calendar, and celebrate 13 days later.
*²	Hindu and Balinese New Year, and the Hindu Day of Silence. Dates are determined using the Balinese calendar; the eve of Nyepi falls on the night of the new moon. At night there are celebrations, the day after, total quiet. Businesses close, and tourists are discouraged from leaving the hotel.
*³	Buddha Purnima. Buddhist celebration commemorating the birth, enlightenment, and entry into Nirvana of Gautama Buddha. Dates are determined by the first full moon in May.
**¹	The feast of Ascension takes place 40 days after Easter in both the Christian and Orthodox faiths and celebrates the ascent of Christ into Heaven.
**²	The Birthday of the Prophet Mohammad is celebrated on the twelfth day in the month of Rabi'l of the Islamic calendar.
**³	The Ascent of the Prophet Mohammad is celebrated on the twenty-seventh day in the month of Rajab of the Islamic calendar.
*	Ramadan (the month of fasting) begins with the first appearance of the new moon in the ninth month of the lunar Islamic Hijra calendar, and lasts 30 days. Dates for the start of Ramadan will vary from country to country, depending on the first appearance of the moon.
**	Feasting that officially marks the end of Ramadan, and commonly lasts for 3 days.
***	Christmas celebrates the birth of Jesus Christ. In A.D.320, Pope Julius I fixed the date at December 25 based on the Gregorian calendar. The Orthodox church calculates Christmas using the Julian calendar and celebrates 13 days later on January 7.

Country information used by permission of World Trade Press